Les satellites militaires russes |
Liste
Les satellites militaires ont constitué l'une des principales raison d'être du programme spatial de l'Union soviétique.
Aujourd'hui, même s'ils représentent quantitativement une part moins importante des lancements, ils n'en demeurent pas moins
vitaux
pour la Fédération de Russie.
Nous présentons ici la liste exhaustive des satellites militaires lancés par l'URSS puis par la Russie.
Nom |
Nom militaire |
Désignation |
Premier vol |
Dernier vol |
Nombre |
|
1.
Observation optique |
883 |
|
Classe
Zenit |
686 |
|
Zenit-2 |
- |
11F61 |
1961 |
1970 |
80 |
|
Zenit-4 |
- |
11F69 |
1963 |
1970 |
76 |
|
Zenit-2M |
Hektor |
11F690 |
1968 |
1979 |
102 |
|
Zenit-4M |
Rotor |
11F691 |
1968 |
1974 |
60 |
|
Zenit-4MK |
Hermès |
11F692 |
1969 |
1977 |
80 |
|
Zenit-4MKM |
Herakl |
11F692M |
1977 |
1980 |
39 |
|
Zenit-4MKT |
Fram |
11F635 |
1975 |
1985 |
27 |
|
Zenit-4MT |
Orion |
11F629 |
1971 |
1982 |
23 |
|
Zenit-6 |
Argon |
11F645 |
1976 |
1984 |
97 |
|
Zenit-8 |
Oblik |
17F116 |
1984 |
1994 |
102 |
|
Classe
Yantar |
178 |
|
Yantar-2K |
Feniks |
11F624 |
1974 |
1983 |
30 |
|
Yantar-1KFT |
Kometa |
11F660 |
1981 |
2005 |
21 |
|
Yantar-4K1 |
Oktann |
11F693 |
1979 |
1983 |
12 |
|
Yantar-4K2 |
Kobalt |
11F695 |
1981 |
2002 |
81 |
|
Yantar-4K2M |
Kobalt-M |
11F695M |
2004 |
2015 |
10 |
|
Yantar-4KS1 |
Terilenn |
11F694 |
1982 |
1989 |
9 |
|
Yantar-4KS1M |
Nemann |
17F117 |
1986 |
2000 |
15 |
|
Classe
Orlets |
10 |
|
Orlets-1 |
Don |
17F12 |
1989 |
2006 |
8 |
|
Orlets-2 |
Ienisseï |
17F113 |
1994 |
2000 |
2 |
|
Araks-N |
- |
11F664 |
1997 |
2002 |
2 |
|
Persona |
- |
14F137 |
2008 |
2015 |
3 |
|
Bars-M |
- |
14F148 |
2015 |
- |
4 |
|
2. Télécommunications |
650 |
|
Classe
Strela |
590 |
|
Strela-1 |
Strela |
11F610 |
1964 |
1965 |
12 |
|
Strela-1M |
Svietotch |
11F625 |
1970 |
1992 |
368 |
|
Strela-2 |
Ptchela |
11F611 |
1965 |
1968 |
5 |
|
Strela-2M |
Forpost |
11F626 |
1970 |
1994 |
52 |
|
Strela-3 |
- |
17F13 |
1985 |
2012 |
135 |
|
Strela-3M |
Rodnik-S |
14F132 |
2005 |
- |
18 |
|
Classe Radouga |
46 |
|
Radouga |
Grann |
11F638 |
1975 |
1999 |
35 |
|
Radouga-1 |
Globouss-1 |
17F15 |
1989 |
2009 |
8 |
|
Radouga-1M |
Globouss-1M |
17F15M |
2007 |
2013 |
3 |
|
Meridian |
- |
14F112 |
2006 |
- |
10 |
|
Blagovest |
- |
14F149 |
2017 |
2019 |
4 |
|
3. Satellites relais |
12 |
|
Potok |
Geïzer |
11F663 |
1982 |
2000 |
10 |
|
Garpounn |
- |
14F136 |
2011 |
- |
2 |
|
4. Alerte avancée |
107 |
|
US-K |
Oko |
73D6 |
1983 |
2010 |
56 |
|
US-K |
Oko |
5V95 |
1972 |
1984 |
30 |
|
US-KMO |
Prognoz |
71Kh6 |
1991 |
2012 |
8 |
|
US-KS |
Oko-S |
74Kh6 |
1975 |
1987 |
7 |
|
EKS |
Toundra |
14F142 |
2015 |
- |
6 |
|
5. Observation radar |
43 |
|
Almaz-T |
- |
11F668 |
1986 |
1991 |
3 |
|
US-A |
- |
- |
1965 |
1988 |
37 |
|
Kondor |
- |
14F133 |
2013 |
- |
2 |
|
Pion-NKS |
- |
14F139 |
2021 |
- |
1 |
|
6. Renseignement Electromagnétique |
198 |
|
DS-K8 |
- |
- |
1962 |
1962 |
1 |
|
DS-K40 |
- |
- |
1965 |
1966 |
2 |
|
Classe
Tselina |
137 |
|
Tselina-O |
- |
11F616 |
1967 |
1968 |
3 |
|
Tselina-OM |
- |
11F616M |
1967 |
1982 |
35 |
|
Tselina-OK |
- |
- |
1975 |
1978 |
3 |
|
Tselina-D |
Ikar |
11F619 |
1970 |
1992 |
68 |
|
Tselina-R |
- |
11F619M |
1986 |
1994 |
5 |
|
Tselina-2 |
- |
11F644 |
1985 |
2007 |
23 |
|
Classe
US-P |
50 |
|
US-P |
- |
17F17 |
1974 |
1984 |
17 |
|
US-PM |
- |
4Ya97 |
1983 |
1995 |
23 |
|
US-PU |
- |
17F120 |
1988 |
2006 |
10 |
|
Classe Lotos |
8 |
|
Lotos-S |
- |
14F138 |
2009 |
2009 |
1 |
|
Lotos-S1 |
- |
14F145 |
2014 |
- |
7 |
|
7. Géodésie |
37 |
|
Etalon |
- |
- |
1989 |
1989 |
2 |
|
Sfera |
- |
11F621 |
1968 |
1978 |
18 |
|
GEO-IK |
Mousson |
11F666 |
1981 |
1994 |
14 |
|
GEO-IK-2 |
Mousson-2 |
14F31 |
2011 |
2019 |
3 |
|
8. Navigation |
275 |
|
Zaliv |
- |
11F617 |
1967 |
1978 |
31 |
|
Parouss |
- |
11F627 |
1974 |
2010 |
99 |
|
Classe
GLONASS |
145 |
|
GLONASS |
- |
11F654 |
1982 |
2005 |
88 |
|
GLONASS-M |
- |
14F113 |
2001 |
2022 |
51 |
|
GLONASS-K1 |
- |
14F143 |
2011 |
- |
5 |
|
GLONASS-K2 |
- |
14F160 |
2023 |
- |
1 |
|
9. Calibration radar |
175 |
|
Classe DS-P1 |
102 |
|
DS-P1 |
- |
- |
1962 |
1964 |
4 |
|
DS-P1-I |
- |
11F620 |
1966 |
1977 |
19 |
|
DS-P1-You |
- |
11F618 |
1964 |
1976 |
79 |
|
Classe
Taïfounn |
70 |
|
Taïfounn-1 |
Vektor |
11F633 |
1974 |
1994 |
23 |
|
Taïfounn-1B |
Youg |
17F31 |
1979 |
1996 |
15 |
|
Douga-K |
- |
17F114 |
1989 |
1990 |
2 |
|
Taïfounn-2 |
Romb |
11F634 |
1976 |
1995 |
27 |
|
Koltso |
- |
17F115 |
1988 |
1990 |
3 |
|
SKRL-756 |
- |
- |
2013 |
- |
3 |
|
10. Antisatellites |
44 |
|
Classe
IS |
28 |
|
IS |
- |
5V91 |
1963 |
1970 |
8 |
|
IS |
- |
5V91T |
1970 |
1982 |
13 |
|
IS |
- |
5V91M |
1969 |
1969 |
2 |
|
IS-M |
- |
5V91AT |
1976 |
1982 |
5 |
|
DS-P1-M |
Tioulpann |
11F631 |
1970 |
1982 |
15 |
|
Skif |
- |
17F19 |
1987 |
1987 |
1 |
|
11. Bombes orbitales |
18 |
|
OGTch |
- |
8F021 |
1966 |
1971 |
18 |
|
12. Technologie |
7 |
|
Plazma-A |
- |
- |
1987 |
1987 |
2 |
|
DS-U2-V |
- |
- |
1965 |
1968 |
4 |
|
Kanopouss-ST |
- |
- |
2015 |
- |
1 |
|